This is one of those Plot Holes that the Lab/Workshop has many, mainly as it appears a lot of stuff was creature design team concept works and props... That RS/FOX Felt would be great to have in the movie.
So its a fair point to wonder where this Neomorph came from, there are other experiments also, a number of more. Not including the Artwork on the Walls.
So its safe to assume a lot of these required Humanoid Hosts..
So Logically David would have need such... Questions are.
1) Did all the Engineers die/end up as burnt corpses or can these corpses be used to Procreate a Neo/Xeno-morph type Organisms?
2) There are Humanoid Baby Skulls, are these supposed to be Primates that survived the Bombardment? Are they Skulls of Babies/Primates that did not survive the Bombardment... Or are they Babies that was Born/Cloned somehow that David could use as Hosts?
3) Would infected Shaws Eggs evolve to such creatures? We see Shaw had not been mutated into a related Organism but we cant rule out she had been used to procreate a Neomorph or other Xenomorph related Organism.
Oh another Plot Hole is how with the Tools David has, does he cut these Organisms the way he has... without any Acid Too and also how they remain so well preserved.